\newcommand{\apriori}{\latin{a priori}\xspace}
\newcommand{\perse}{\latin{per se}\xspace}
+\newcommand{\alphabet}{{\ensuremath\mathcal{A}}}
\newcommand{\defn}[1]{{\boldmath\bfseries #1}}
\newcommand{\config}{{\ensuremath\mathcal{C}}}
\newcommand{\alang}[1]{\mathcal{L}\paren{#1}}
A string language $L$ is a set of finite strings over some alphabet
-$\Sigma$.%
+$\alphabet$.%
%
\footnote{More formally, it is a subset of the underlying set of the free
-monoid of $\Sigma$. Following the literature, we tend to suppress writing
-the forgetful functor, and simply refer to the set as $\Sigma^*$.}
+monoid of $\alphabet$. Following the literature, we tend to suppress writing
+the forgetful functor, and simply refer to the set as $\alphabet^*$.}
%
-For example, if $\Sigma = \set{a,b}$, then ``the string $a$'', ``the set of
+For example, if $\alphabet = \set{a,b}$, then ``the string $a$'', ``the set of
strings with an even number of $a$s and an odd number of $b$s (and no other
characters)'', and ``all strings composed of $x$ many $a$s, $y$ many $b$s,
-then $x*y$ more $a$s'' are all languages over $\Sigma$.
+then $x*y$ more $a$s'' are all languages over $\alphabet$.
We may define string languages in terms of other string languages by
\begin{enumerate}
$L_1 \cup L_2 \defeq \set{ s \middle\vert s \in L_1 ~\vee~ s \in L_2 }$
\item Relative complement:
$L_1 \setminus L_2 \defeq \set{s \middle\vert s \in L_1 ~\wedge~ s \not\in L_2 }$
- \item (General) complement, $L^C$: the set of strings over $\Sigma$
+ \item (General) complement, $L^C$: the set of strings over $\alphabet$
which are not in $L$. We might write this as
- $F_\text{mon}\Sigma \setminus L$ or $\Sigma^* \setminus L$
+ $F_\text{mon}\alphabet \setminus L$ or $\alphabet^* \setminus L$
(see below).
\end{enumerate}
\item Miscellaneous operations:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Concatenation: $L_1 \cdot L_2 \defeq \set{ s \cdot t \middle\vert s \in L_1 ~\wedge~ t \in L_2}$
- \item Reversal: $L^R \defeq \set{ c_1 \ldots c_n \middle\vert c_i \in \Sigma ~\wedge~ c_n \ldots c_1 \in L }$
+ \item Reversal: $L^R \defeq \set{ c_1 \ldots c_n \middle\vert c_i \in \alphabet ~\wedge~ c_n \ldots c_1 \in L }$
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}
\cite[Preliminaries]{tata}. We limit ourselves here to a quick summary.
A {\em ranked} tree language $L$ is a set of finite trees over some
-\defn{signature} (also \defn{ranked alphabet}) $\Sigma$, with arity function
-$\mbox{ar} : \Sigma \to \mathbb{N}$. Every node of a tree labeled with
-$\sigma \in \Sigma$ has exactly $\mbox{ar}\paren{\sigma}$-many children.%
+\defn{signature} (also \defn{ranked alphabet}) $\alphabet$, with arity function
+$\mbox{ar} : \alphabet \to \mathbb{N}$. Every node of a tree labeled with
+$\sigma \in \alphabet$ has exactly $\mbox{ar}\paren{\sigma}$-many children.%
%
\footnote{More formally, a ranked tree language is a subset of the carrier
-of the free algebra over $\paren{\Sigma,\mbox{ar}}$.} We use
-$\mathcal{T}(\Sigma,\mbox{ar})$ for such a set of ranked trees; often
-$\mbox{ar}$ will be implicit and we will just write $\mathcal{T}(\Sigma)$.
-We use the notation $\mathcal{T}(\Sigma \sqcup X)$ to mean the set of trees
-whose labels come either from $\Sigma$ (with the appropriate arity) or a
+of the free algebra over $\paren{\alphabet,\mbox{ar}}$.} We use
+$\mathcal{T}(\alphabet,\mbox{ar})$ for such a set of ranked trees; often
+$\mbox{ar}$ will be implicit and we will just write $\mathcal{T}(\alphabet)$.
+We use the notation $\mathcal{T}(\alphabet \sqcup X)$ to mean the set of trees
+whose labels come either from $\alphabet$ (with the appropriate arity) or a
(disjoint) set of ``variables'' $X$, with $\mbox{ar}(x \in X) \defeq 0$.
-The notation $\mathcal{T}(\Sigma \times \mathcal{Q})$ will be used for trees
-whose labels are pairs of elements from $\Sigma$ and $\mathcal{Q}$; we
-define $\mbox{ar}(\sigma \times q \in \Sigma \times \mathcal{Q}) \defeq
+The notation $\mathcal{T}(\alphabet \times \mathcal{Q})$ will be used for trees
+whose labels are pairs of elements from $\alphabet$ and $\mathcal{Q}$; we
+define $\mbox{ar}(\sigma \times q \in \alphabet \times \mathcal{Q}) \defeq
\mbox{ar}(\sigma)$.
The set-theoretic operations carry over as might be expected.